2010 Year in Review

I liken my cinema addiction to a hard drug habit. At first it doesn't take that much to achieve a nice high but as your addiction worsens it takes greater and greater doses to reach that same high. In that sense I did a lot of drugs this year in search of a good trip and I may have done a few things I'm ashamed of, you know, like buying a ticket to MacGruber. I saw about 60 new release films this year in search of that high. Mid way through the year I was convinced that 2010 would go down as the one of the dullest in recent memory but there have been a few films toward the end of the year that start to redeem it.

Even in a somewhat disappointing year I have trouble narrowing it down to a top ten list. So here are all of the films that I thought were somewhat significant in 2010, presented in alphabetical order:

127 Hours - dir. Danny Boyle

I had my doubts that a film like this could work, being that the majority of the film is about a man trapped alone in small space, but Danny Boyle takes full advantage of those limitations and delivers a visceral experience that will put you through the wringer along side ill-fated climber Aron Ralston. Being based on a true story, most viewers may have already been familiar with Ralston's plight and his decision to amputate to his own arm in order to escape. Boyle doesn't pull any punches in the climax and this scene is responsible for more than a few moviegoers losing their lunch, but at its heart this isn't a gross out movie, just an inspiring tale of a man's will to live.

Black Swan - dir. Darren Aronofsky



Darren Aronofsky is a master of psychological horror and seeing him apply that to the insular world of ballet was a treat. Despite using one of the highest arts as his subject, the comparisons to Paul Verhoven's "Showgirls" were warranted. Those expecting an artsy film about ballerinas got something more trashy and exploitative. The film goes a little too over the top for some people but I was pleased to see Aronofsky return to his strengths, a la "Pi" and "Requiem for a Dream". Black Swan is worth watching just for Natalie Portman's portrayal of a dancer striving for perfection but descending into madness.

Carlos - dir. Olivier Assayas



The problem I have with most biopics is that most people's lives can't be contained in two hours. There is a 5½ hour cut of this film out there, originally made for french television. I was only able to see the abbreviated 140 minute version but it left me wanting more. The film spans two decades in the life of international terrorist "Carlos the Jackal". The shorter cut doesn't spend much time on the Carlos' actual politics, instead it focused on the methods of political agitation. This film expects the audience to already have a grasp on radical politics, which is perhaps a more realistic expectation for European audiences than American ones, but the film is so expertly crafted and brilliantly acted that it's hard to dislike. Assasyas has found a real star in Edgar Ramirez, who gives one of the best performances of the year.

Dogtooth - dir. Yorgos Lanthimos



This Greek film is one of the strangest and most memorable films of the year. Dogtooth is the story of three children, now adults, raised in complete isolation from the outside world. The naturally inquisitive kids are taught the wrong words for things (i.e. a "zombie" is a small yellow flower) and conditioned to fear things like the stray cat that wanders into their yard. While the parents' motivations are never quite explained it's clear that their methods will eventually lead to disaster. The film uses a very strict visual framing to heighten tension and create an uncomfortable feeling. Dogtooth is a condemnation of any oppressive regime (China) which constantly feeds its citizens misinformation to maintain order.

Enter the Void - dir. Gaspar Noe

At 154 minutes, this film constantly borders on being self-indulgent but it you can manage to sit with it long enough it will manage to put you under its spell. Like Noe's previous film, "Irreversible", it can be hard to watch at times but also difficult to turn away from. The films narrative is either a bad drug trip or a glimpse into the afterlife, as our protagonist is killed in the first half hour and spends the rest of the film flashing back to key moments in his life as well as hovering above the people he has left behind in the aftermath of his death. Noe makes some very bold cinematic choices, for instance shooting the entire film from either a first person perspective or holding back just behind the shoulder of our subject, rarely showing his face. Due to some overlong psychedelic sequences the film may try your patience but it eventually rewards you for sticking with it. This is the kind of film that you experience rather than watch, although the experience isn't a very pleasant one.

Exit Through the Gift Shop - dir. Banksy / The Art of the Steal - dir. Don Argott

This year saw documentaries at opposite ends of the spectrum on essentially the same subject: the commodification of art.

Banksy, arguably the world's most famous and mysterious contemporary artist, chronicles the rise of street art through footage shot by his friend, Thierry Guetta. When Guetta's planned documentary turns out to be somewhat of a disaster, Banksy turns the cameras on Guetta and chronicles his friend's overnight transformation into "Mr. Brainwash". Guetta's relationship with Banksy and other street artists seems to lend some validation to his art, which goes on to sell nearly a million dollars worth at his first showing. While Mr. Brainwash may or not be a hoax perpetrated by the filmmaker, Exit Through the Gift Shop serves as a statement on the nature of art world, where value is manufactured through artificial means.

The Art of the Steal is a much more formal documentary that deals with the fate of the world's most valuable private art collection. The collection, originally compiled by Albert C. Barnes and housed at The Barnes Foundation, an education institute, is valued at more than $25 billion dollars. The documentary, which has a definite viewpoint, argues that the moneyed establishment essentially stole the collection by relocating it to the Philadelphia Art Museum, despite Barnes' wishes in his will. While the evidence that the film presents is fairly convincing from a legal standing it also raises the question of who art really belongs to. Should a collection consisting of some of the most famous paintings in the world be housed in a private collection or should they be shared with the public? The film doesn't really address this but it pretty clear that some rich and powerful people became more rich and powerful upon the illegal acquisition of this collection.

Four Lions - dir. Christopher Morris



The best comedy often comes from the most uncomfortable places. While this film may be the very definition of "too soon", you have to wonder exactly when it would ever be appropriate to make a screwball comedy about jihadist suicide bombers. Nearly everyone in this film is a bumbling idiot. Despite its seemingly ridiculous concept it's intelligent dissection of fanaticism in the same way that Dr. Strangelove was a spot on examination of nuclear annihilation. Rather than demonize them, Four Lions almost convinces you to sympathize with these guys only because they are clueless and likable. This is bold and risky film making and it stands as the most socially important comedy of the year.

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Part 1 - dir. David Yates



I generally don't consider the Harry Potter series when making out my year end lists, mainly because they feel like disposable entertainment, or Cliff's Notes versions of the books. But something strange happened during the adaptation of the final chapter of Harry's adventures. As I was reading the novel I suspected that it might be unfilmable. The story breaks from the familiar formula of the previous novels and crams in a lot necessary exposition, which the films tend to gloss over in favor of action. When the decision was made to break the final chapter into two films I cynically thought that they wanted to milk the cash cow for all it was worth. I was wrong. The decision to break it into two films was a blessing. It allows the film to explore all the details, nuance and great character moments that make the book so satisfying. Despite not being a complete story and being the most of bleak of the series to date, it's arguably the best portrayal of the Harry Potter universe to date and one of the most mature fantasy films ever made. If only the entire film series could have been made with this level of dedication....

I Am Love - dir. Luca Guadagnino



Such a beautiful looking movie, even when dealing with such ugly things. Tilda Swinton stars as a Russian-born Italian housewife whose affair with a family friend threatens to destroy her precariously balanced upper class world. The film's plot, dealing with forbidden desire and a rich family, is typical melodrama but Swinton's performance and the gorgeous cinematography elevate it to a very engaging and heart-breaking tale. This film also belongs to a very small sub-genre that I call "Food Porn", in which the preparation and consumption of food on screen is every bit as enticing as the sex scenes.

Inception - dir. Christopher Nolan



As much as I hate to fall in line with mainstream opinion, I have to admit that Inception was probably the best film of the year, and proof that audiences are actually more intelligent than Hollywood generally gives them credit for. Inception is a roller coaster ride for your mind. There was somewhat of a critical backlash, only because of the near universal fervor over this film. Many people wanted to criticize it for what it wasn't, for instance: if you can imagine anything in the dream world why imagine such mundane things as cars and guns, why not dinosaurs that shoot laser beams out of their eyes? Or some wonder why most of the side characters lack depth and only exist to provide exposition to the audience. Or why there seems to be no real villain. People that start thinking down that path don't realize the genius that Christopher Nolan has concocted. It's working within limitations that actually produce the greatest art. Inception is essentially the story of one man's battle within himself and everything else, while seemingly important in the context of the dream, is only window dressing. How many summer movies choose man vs himself as the central conflict? Inception is the kind of film that keeps you thinking about it long after you've seen it and the kind of intelligent idea-driven sci-fi that Hollywood rarely makes.

Mother - dir. Bong Joon-Hoo



Bong Joon-Hoo, along with Park Chan-Wook, have been responsible for putting South Korean cinema on the map by creating some of the most unusual films on the international scene. Bong's previous film, "The Host", was a surprisingly good take on the Godzilla archetype, which at its heart was really just a film about a family's love and will to survive. His new film, "Mother", shares that same family bond but within a different genre. His newest outing owes a lot more to the mystery/suspense films of Hitchcock. South Korean culture might be somewhat foreign to us but a mother's love for her son is something that easily transcends those boundaries. If you were accused of a crime how far would your mother go to prove your innocence? Or cover up your guilt? This is a darkly beautiful and surprising film from one South Korea's auteurs.

Scott Pilgrim vs. The World - dir. Edgar Wright

The pre-release buzz and positive word of mouth on this film was so enormous and yet it essentially bombed at the box office. Once I saw it I realized why - it's aimed at such a narrow slice of the population - hipsters who grew up on late 80's video games. Finding myself within that demographic, I really enjoyed it. Scott Pilgrim, which is an incredibly faithful adaptation of graphic novel series, is smartly written and an amazing translation of video-game-by-way-of comics comedy action sequences. Michael Cera even manages to play a character other than Michael Cera. It's not a perfect movie - for one thing Mary Elizabeth Winstead as Ramona Flowers is positively dull. I think you have to be culturally predisposed to this kind of thing to really appreciate it. If you didn't grow up playing Double Dragon on your NES you may not get it, but those of us who do - we're ok with that.

The Social Network - dir. David Fincher



I remember hearing about this film when it was in development and I scoffed at the idea of "The Facebook Movie" even if it was being penned by Aaron Sorkin. I'm sure much credit will be given to director David Fincher when he picks up his Best Picture Oscsar in a few months but I feel like this is really a Sorkin movie. I desperately wish to live in a world written by Aaron Sorkin, where everyone is quick-witted, intelligent and funny. Thank god this movie was not about Facebook. It's about some very old human conflicts like betrayal, revenge, power, ambition and regret. When I first saw it I was reminded of Oliver Stone's "Wall Street", in which young men cheat the system and exercise some questionable ethics to obtain wealth and power. In this regard, The Social Network is more of a sequel to Wall Street than Stones own sequel, also released this year.

Splice - dir. Vincenzo Natali



I have to single out at least one good sci-fi movie, even if it does go off the rails in the third act. The ethical quandries in this film will make you uncomfortable but I think that's what any good hard sci-fi film will do. A pair of genetic engineers successfully splice human DNA with a number of other creatures, creating something that is recognizably human yet wild enough to be dangerous. The special effects here are minimal but very effective in transforming actress Delphine Chaneac into this hybrid creature and creating instant sympathy with the audience. The conflict arises when her creators start treating her more like a child than an experiment and attempts to hide her from their employers threaten to destroy all of their work. Oh, and Adrien Brody has sex with it. Did I mention uncomfortable? Even though it strays too far into typical horror movie territory at the end, the first two thirds of the film offer some challenging moral and ethical questions.

Toy Story 3 - dir. Lee Unkrich



I'm not ashamed to say that an animated film about toys elicited more strong emotions from me than any other film this year. Toy Story 3 is probably the best of an excellent trilogy of films. Even though it was produced with state of the art technology it's still a great film in a classic sense. There were few films this year that were as terrifying, exciting, suspenseful, funny, or as sad as Toy Story 3. I've heard that Pixar is lobbying hard for a best picture nomination and despite being animated, I think it's going to be hard to deny it. Seriously man, I'm not crying, it's just allergies.

True Grit - dir. Joel and Ethan Coen



I suppose the most surprising thing the Coen Brothers could do at this point is to make a completely straightforward genre film, totally devoid of irony. This isn't one of their best movies and it's not even a great western but it is a solid and satisfying adventure film, the type of which Hollywood has almost lost the ability to make. 14-year-old Hailee Steinfeld is the heart of the film and deserves any praise likely to be laid upon her as awards season approaches.

Valhalla Rising - dir. Nicolas Winding Refn



This film owes a lot to Werner Herzog's classic "Aguirre: Wrath of God.", almost to the point of plagairism. If it weren't so damn hynpotizing I would probably be offended. Instead of Aguirre's party of conquistadors we follow a lone norse warrior who joins a group of Christians during the Crusades. It's a journey into madness and violence presents us with some of the most stunning visuals I have seen in a long time.

Winter's Bone - dir. Debra Granik



A lot of fuss has been made about newcomer Hailee Steinfeld's performance in True Grit but I hope it doesn't overshadow that of Jennifer Lawrence in Winter's Bone. Lawrence plays a young Ozark girl in search of her meth-cooking fugitive father before her family's house is taken from her. While other actors in the movie seem to be doing their best hillbilly impression, Lawrence plays her part with a natural determination. The film surprisingly veers off into Stephen King short story territory but it stays just this side of realistic to prove that not all horror is make believe.

Have You Seen The Boondock Saints?

I get asked that question a lot. I am completely perplexed by the cult status of this film. I think it's one of the worst things ever made. I started writing a long winded rant about The Boondock Saints but I stopped because it was starting to depress me.

So I decided to express my thoughts in a different format.

The Wire

I've been a bit lax on my film blogging as of late but that's probably because I spent about two months watching nothing but "The Wire". Much has been written about this show, by people more intelligent than myself, so this won't be as in-depth as I would like it to be. If I can convince just one person to give this show a try it will have been worth the time spent writing about it.

If an alien culture came to Earth to learn about us but limited their observation to prime time network television, it would be safe to assume that at least half of our population is employed in law enforcement. On the four major networks alone I was able to count 23 different police/investigation shows. Does this imply that the networks are creatively bankrupt or that they have just perfected the art of giving people what they want? The worst of these shows have devolved into what I consider to be the most tired forms of American entertainment: the police procedural. The procedural is nothing new. Sherlock Holmes was doing it 120 years ago and the mass market paperback charts are dominated by the likes of Sue Grafton and James Patterson. I don't know how many CSIs, SVUs, and NCISs we need, but television execs will continue putting out the same uninspired, formulaic and melodramatic cop shows as long as we keep watching them.

It took nearly four years of people telling me that The Wire was the best show on television before I decided to sit down and finally watch the pilot episode. After all, it was a cop show, a genre which I've come to despise. I've never even watched any of the critically acclaimed police shows like NYPD Blue or The Shield.So it was with great reservations that I began my first episode of The Wire.

The first episode failed to engage me. As a pilot episode it fails to make its concept clear and doesn't introduce any particularly intriguing characters. At this point I was ready to exert my superiority over the so-called critics by dismissing the show as another typical procedural. But at least it felt different than most of the slickly produced network cop shows. It throws you into the middle of a culture that you may not be familiar or comfortable with. A lot of the lingo and legal speak went over my head but I had to give it credit for not trying to coddle the audience. At the end of the episode I was more interested in the style of it than the plot or the characters but if it hadn't been for the shows reputation I might not have given it another chance.

By the end of episode 2 the pieces started to fall into place and something finally clicked with me. We're left with a ragtag detail of police officers who seem ill equipped to take down a much more organized and disciplined drug organization. The detectives are hamstrung by the bureaucracy within their own department and the forces of the drug runners are comprised mostly of desperate young men who live in abject poverty. We can see that the conflict between these two groups is going to be the major conflict of the series but The Wire manages to paint them both as underdogs. In acknowledgment of this hopeless situation one of the characters in episode 2 utters the words "The game is rigged but you cannot lose if you do not play."

Watching The Wire is sort of like being in an abusive relationship. It will kick your ass and break your heart and you will still keep coming back for more because you don't know what else to do. I've never felt such a compulsion to watch a show. I devoured over 60 hours of this series in a few weeks which is an obsessive quality that I don't normally exhibit.

While watching this show you are never consciously aware that you are watching a scripted drama. The Wire is so honest and uncompromising that you feel like you're involved in some kind of fictionalized documentary. Shocking and horrible things will happen to people that you come to care about and these things have such a weight to them that you may feel like you've lost a member of your own family. All the artifice and contrivances of network cop shows are stripped away and events feel like they are unfolding naturally rather than carefully constructed to fit within an hour drama. One of the The Wire's major failings as a TV drama is that it is not a show you can watch casually. You're not likely to drop in for an hour and get any kind of self contained story. But by that same token, you wouldn't read a single chapter of a book out of context. And The Wire plays more like a novel than a television show, with plot lines taking a whole season (or even a few years) to resolve. And just like real life, those resolutions don't always deliver a satisfying conclusion.

Perhaps The Wire's greatest strength is that it's essentially a sociology class disguised as entertainment. And like any good class it doesn't necessarily give you the answers, but it does lead you to ask questions. In season three when a desperate police captain creates a free zone for drug dealers, you have to ask yourself if essentially legalizing drugs is justifiable even though it seems to have a positive effect on the community. Season four introduces you to the world of an inner city school as Officer Roland Pryzbylewski transfer into a different kind of public service: teaching. He soon learns that a middle school can be every bit as dangerous as the drug corners. Here the show steps dangerously close to echoing one of those cliched "inspirational teacher" movies; that is until we remember that in the world of The Wire a happy ending is not guaranteed.

I've heard people say that The Wire is a show that will ruin TV for you. I've given myself a few weeks to process the show and I'm afraid that might be true. The other day I watched the pilot episode of Fox's "Fringe", essentially a police procedural with a sci-fi twist. I had seen this episode before and I quite liked it the first time. The second time around I felt like I was watching it through a veil of artifice. Lance Reddick, who plays Lt. Cedric Daniels on The Wire, plays a very similar character on Fringe. After watching him over the course of The Wire's five seasons it was painful to see him chew on Fringe's hackneyed dialog. While the man may be happy to be working, I'm that deep down he knows he'll never be involved in something as raw and powerful as The Wire ever again. Looking at the new fall television lineup it's easy to see that the networks have fallen into the same old trap again. Nothing looks particularly risky or innovative. In the past I might have been willing to give some of these shows a try but I guess my heart just isn't in it. I'm afraid that The Wire has ruined TV for yet another viewer.

As for that bold claim that The Wire is the best show ever broadcast on television, well that's really hard to say. Everyone has their own tastes and opinions so it's kind of pointless to make such a claim. However, if someone said to me that this was the most important show ever, I don't think I could put up much of an argument.

Metropolis + Radiohead

My first experience with Fritz Lang's Metropolis was in 1998 when a coworker lent me his VHS copy of the film. If I remember correctly, it was the first silent film I ever saw. The version of the film that I saw that day remains somewhat of a cultural oddity. It was the restored version from 1984 which was scored by Italian composer Giorgio Moroder. Moroder's idea at the time was to score the film with contemporary pop music. Being that it was the early 80's, that meant the likes of Adam Ant, Loverboy, Pat Benetar and Queen, among others. I thought it was a great idea, just badly executed. I loved the visuals of the film so much that I became sort of obsessed with it, although I longed for a score that matched the grandeur of the visuals.

A couple years later I bought my first DVD player and I picked up a cheap public domain version of Metropolis. I can't even recall if this version contained the "official" score, but as I was watching it I still was unimpressed by the music. Even though I didn't feel that Moroder's score was particularly appropriate for the film it still injected a bit of energy to the overall experience of the film. I began to wonder what someone would do with the film today if they had the opportunity to score it with popular music. At this point a little seed of an idea began to form in my head. My musical obsession at the time was Radiohead. One night I decided to watch Metropolis with Radiohead's "Kid A" on the speakers instead of the DVD's score. It just fit perfectly - not only the cinematic grandeur of the music but also the themes expressed in the lyrics. I felt like I was on to something but I lacked the equipment or the skills to make it happen. I settled for making a mix CD to accompany the film.

In 2002 a restoration of Metropolis was undertaken and it was released in theatres and later on DVD. I had the opportunity to see it on the big screen and it was one of the best cinematic experiences of my life. My excitement was renewed about a year later when I acquired the film on DVD. I still felt the frustration that the original score was underwhelming and I held onto the idea that some day I would do something about this.

A couple more years passed. Radiohead had released a few albums during that time although my excitement for the band had waned over the years. Not long after their last album, "In Rainbows", was released I sat down to watch Metropolis again. And again I was unimpressed by the music. This time, with Radiohead's new music fresh on my mind and a little more confidence in my editing skills, I was inspired to finally start working on the project that I had conceived of nearly eight years before.

To my surprise, it didn't suck. A lot of the times I felt like the film was scoring itself. By now I had a lot more of Radiohead's catalog to work with. There were a few scenes/song connections that I had had in mind for years and it was a pleasure to finally bring them to life. I felt like I had discovered the cinematic equivalent of chocolate and peanut butter and it really didn't take that much effort to put them together. I didn't edit a single frame of the film to fit the music and rarely did I even have to edit the music. There are a couple instances where I looped or layered tracks to fill a hole or create something new but for the most part I was astonished at how well things fit naturally. I generally wasn't paying much attention to the content of the lyrics and chose to focus more on the feeling of the songs, but if you are familiar with the lyrics there are a lot of strange coincidences that match up with what is happening on screen. And of course, one of Radiohead's most famous songs is "Paranoid Android." I was able to find a pretty appropriate use for that one.

In the end I was pretty pleased with the result. About a year ago I showed it to some friends and they encouraged me to post it to the internet and even send a copy to Radiohead. I'm just now getting around to doing the first part of that suggestion. Here is the entire project available for viewing on Vimeo.com. If you haven't seen this I hope you enjoy the film and music in a different context.

Metropolis + Radiohead part 1 from Chris Ayers on Vimeo.

Metropolis + Radiohead part 2 from Chris Ayers on Vimeo.

Metropolis + Radiohead Part 3 from Chris Ayers on Vimeo.

Metropolis + Radiohead part 4 from Chris Ayers on Vimeo.

Metropolis + Radiohead Part 5 from Chris Ayers on Vimeo.

Metropolis + Radiohead Part 6 from Chris Ayers on Vimeo.

Band of Outsiders

Jean-Luc Godard's Band of Outsiders I have loved for years without really ever knowing why. Maybe it's the overall melancholy feeling that's punctuated with brief moments of joy. I've never given it much conscious thought until I sat down to tear it apart and put it back together again. I was watching a YouTube clip of the film, that famous scene of the characters running through The Louvre, while listening to The Love Language's "Lalita". The song has a very lo-fi yet upbeat and poppy sound that I associate with 60's rock. It seemed to fit the tone of that scene so well that I decided to cut together a music video using Band of Outsiders.

During that process I scanned through the movie looking for the most iconic scenes. And I quickly came to realize something; you could watch the whole film with the sound off and understand it very well based solely on the strength of the images. And it dawned on me that it was reason I liked the film so much. There is no grand, sweeping cinematography here; it's all about the details and and small gestures that have a lot of meaning. The little touches that you wouldn't even think to put in the script but which lend meaning to the action. I didn't set out to make my video a chronological story but it ended up that way. By choosing the most meaningful scenes I could essentially distill the basic story into three minutes. Admittedly, some of the story elements are missing and as well as some of the subtext but it's a credit to Godard that he can say so much with a simple gesture or glance.

To quote Godard's narration near the beginning of the film: "We might digress now and describe how Odile, Franz and Arthur each felt. But that's pretty clear. So we'll let the images speak for themselves".

That is why I love Godard and this film. And cinema as an art form.

So, here is my video and following that, a description of what I think are some brilliant scenes from Band of Outsiders.




First of all, the title sequence, which quickly intercuts images of the three main characters, establishes a relationship before we've even been properly introduced to them.

Then we cut back to Arthur and Franz staking out Odile's house. They're up to something shady, even if we don't know exactly what it is yet. On the way back to the car Franz turns quickly and mimes shooting Arthur, who falls to the ground and writhes dramatically on the ground. On the surface it's a playful gesture but it has a deeper meaning. You can guess the nature of their relationship from that action. There's already an unstated competition. Is the girl coming between them already? And since we don't yet know if these guys are real gangsters or just petty thugs, the tension starts to build. How long until these guys are shooting at each other for real?

When we first see Odile, she's the picture of innocence. Modestly dressed, hair done up in pigtails and riding a bicycle. So there's already a contrast between she and them. We know the guys are about to take advantage of that innocence.

The triangular relationship is further strengthened by a single shot in the classroom. The camera pans from Arthur, over to Odile, who looks shyly at him before turning to gaze at Franz on the other side of the room.

As they are talking in the hall and Odile and Arthur seem to be getting sort of cozy, Franz literally and quite comically comes between them as he goes through the door.

Later, in the hall, Arthur asks her if she has ever kissed a guy. When he asks her for a kiss she awkwardly sticks her tongue out because she thinks that's how it's done. He kisses her on the cheek, but her gesture points out how innocent and naieve she really is. This is made pretty obvious in the dialogue but that scene alone is all you really need to establish it.

As they drive her home, with her in the front seat between them, she takes playfully takes Franz's hat and places it on her head. He promptly takes it back, probably not wanting to step on Arthur's toes. When they park and get out, Arthur removes her bicycle from the trunk and then rides it once around the car, as if to claim his property.

In the famous dance scene in the cafe, naturally with Odile between the two guys, Franz now takes his hat and places it on Odile's head for the duration of the dance. It wasn't until I watched this scene with no sound or narration that I picked up on the fact that Odile keeps stealing glances toward Franz instead of Arthur. It's subtle but almost certainly intentional.

And of course my favorite visual from this film, the sprint through the Louvre. Turning the hallowed halls of the worlds most famous art museum into a playground. I love how, in the first shot, they race past a well known classical painting, Jacque Louis-David's "Oath of the Horatii". The camera lingers there for a moment to make a point. But our young trio is long gone. It's a nice metaphor not only for the foolishness of youth but for the New Wave itself.

Once I started thinking about this film on a conscious level I started to understand that a lot of these small devices Godard uses are simple but not immediately obvious. While he gives you plenty to think about with the existentialist conversations of the lead characters, he's quietly building these signs into the background.

I'm sure there is much more of this film to analyze but these are the things that came to the surface for me as I was going through the process of re-editing the work of a master filmmaker.